François Blanc
Umqhubi owasusa iqanda eliphindiweuhloboIqanda eliphindiweIgodi elingu-00 lesondo laseMelika. Ukuba khona kwalo kukhuphula inzuzo yekhasino isuka ku-2.70% iye ku-5.26%.Funda konke →, futhi owayeqonda kahle ukuthi lokho kuzokwenzani.
UFrançois Blanc (1806–1877) waletha isondo elineqanda elilodwa e-Bad Homburg ngo-1843 ukuze ehlise intengo ngaphansi kwamakhasino ezindawo zamanzi ashisayo eziyizimbangi, wabe esakha i-Monte Carlo ngesondo elifanayo. “Isipho” kubadlali kwakuwukwehliswa kwentengo okwathenga ingxenye yemakethe.
Ngaphambi kwe-Homburg
UFrançois nomfowabo angamawele uLouis baqala njengabaqageli bezimakethe e-Bordeaux ngama-1830, lapho batholwa benecala lokufumbathisa abasebenzi be-telegraph ukuze bazi amanani ama-bond aseParis ngaphambi kwemakethe, okuyisibonelo sokuqala sokusebenzisa ulwazi ukuze uzuze emehlukweni wamanani. Ngemuva kwesigwebo esifushane bangena ekuqhubeni amakhasino, kuqala eLuxembourg, base bethatha imvume yedolobhana lamanzi ashisayo i-Bad Homburg ngo-1841.
Iqanda elilodwa
I-Homburg yayincintisana nezindawo zamanzi ashisayo ezazisezinzile e-Baden-Baden nase-Wiesbaden, ezazinamasondo anamaqandaisondoIqandaIgodi elilodwa eliluhlaza elingambozwa ukubheja okulingana nemali, okwedazini noma okwekholamu; umthombo wenzuzo yekhasino. Kubuye kuthiwe: iqanda elilodwa, 0.Funda konke → amabili. AbakwaBlanc bakhangisa isondo elineqanda elilodwa. Inzuzo yekhasinoizibaloInzuzo yekhasinoIngxenye yenani ngalinye elibhejwayo ikhasino eyigcinayo ngokwesilinganiso: ama-2.70% ku-roulette yaseYurophu.Funda konke → yehla isuka ku-5.26% yaya ku-2.70%, futhi ukukhangisa kwazenzekela: okuwukuphela kwekhasino eYurophu lapho amathuba omdlali ayengcono kabili. Abadlali beza, i-Homburg yakhula, futhi izimbangi zagcina zilandelile. Kwakungekona ukupha. Kwakuwukwehliswa kwentengo emakethe lapho umkhiqizo wawufana khona futhi intengo kuwukuphela kwento eyayingashintshwa.
IMonaco
Lapho iPrussia ithatha i-Hesse-Homburg ngo-1866 futhi ukugembula eJalimane kuqedwa kancane kancane (amatafula okugcina avalwa ngo-1872), uBlanc wayesethuthile kakade. Wathenga imvume yaseMonaco eyayihluleka ngo-1863, watshala imali kujantshi wesitimela nasemahhotela, futhi waqhuba ikhasino njengendawo yokuphumula esikhundleni sekamelo lokugembula nje. Iqanda elilodwa lahamba naye futhi laba yizinga elijwayelekile laseYurophu. Umndeni wakwaBlanc wawuthola ingxenye yemali engenayo yekhasino laseMonaco izizukulwane eziningi; indodakazi yakhe yashada nomndeni wamakhosana akwa-Radziwiłł futhi umzukulu wakhe wesifazane washada nomndeni wakwa-Bonaparte.
Wazalelwa e-Courthézon, e-Vaucluse, newele lakhe uLouis.
E-Bordeaux: ukuqagela emakethe, ukufumbathisa abe-telegraph, isigwebo.
Imvume ye-Bad Homburg.
Isondo elineqanda elilodwa lethulwa e-Homburg.
Uthenga imvume yaseMonaco; usungula i-Société des Bains de Mer.
Ujantshi wesitimela oya e-Monte Carlo uyavulwa.
Amakhasino aseJalimane ayavalwa; i-Monte Carlo iwukuphela kwendawo yokugembula ezwenikazi.
Ushonela eSwitzerland, engomunye wabantu abacebe kakhulu eYurophu.
Lokho ayekuqonda
Ukuthi inzuzo yekhasino iyintengo, ukuthi abadlali baqhathanisa amanani ngisho noma bengakwazi ukuwabala, nokuthi intengo ephansi enenani elikhulu labadlali yehlula intengo ephezulu enenani elincane. Imali engenayo ye-Monte Carlo ngo-2.70% yayidlula kakhulu eye-Homburg ngo-5.26% ngoba kwakunabadlali abaningi, amatafula amaningi nokujikeleza okuningi. Izibalo zokulahlekelwa okulindelekileizibaloUkulahlekelwa okulindelekileInani elilindelekile liphindaphindwe ngemali yonke ebhejiwe; inani elilahlekayo ngokwesilinganiso phakathi neseshini noma esikhathini esithile.Funda konke → (inzuzo yekhasino × imali ebhejwe yonkeimaliImali yonke ebhejiweInani lonke elibhejwe phakathi neseshini noma esikhathini esithile, kubalwa nemali ewiniwe ephinde yabhejwa. Kubuye kuthiwe: handle, action.Funda konke →) zaziyimodeli yakhe yebhizinisi ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani azibhalele abadlali.
Ifa
Wonke amasondo aneqanda elilodwa emhlabeni angawakwaBlanc. Kanjalo nendawo yokuphumula yekhasino yanamuhla: umqondo wokuthi ikhasino iyingxenye eyodwa yendawo yokuvakasha enamahhotela, indlu ye-opera nesiteshi sesitimela. Isondo laseMelika lagcina iqanda lesibili ngoba akekho uBlanc owafika ukwehlisa intengo; isondo elinamaqanda amathathu lango-2016 liyisinyathelo esiphambene, esenziwa lapho abadlali bengenayo i-Monte Carlo yokuqhathanisa nayo.
Isondo nemithetho ye-roulette yaseMelikaI-roulette enamaqanda amathathu
Imibuzo
Walethula futhi walenza laziwa kakhulu. Amasondo aneqanda elilodwa kungenzeka ayezanywe ngaphambili; i-Homburg yalenza inqubomgomo.
Okuphambene nalokho. Inani labadlali lakhuphuka ngaphezu kokwehla kwenzuzo.
Kuyisidlaliso sentatheli ngokuguqula idolobhana lamanzi ashisayo libe yinhloko-dolobha yokugembula yaseYurophu eminyakeni eyishumi.
Okokuhlekisa
Ukwehliswa kwentengo, hhayi isipho. Inani labadlali lenza okusele.
Imithombo
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.