Umlando namasiko · Umlando · Indawo · imizuzu 9

I-roulette yase-Monte Carlo

Ikhasino elaguqula umbuso omncane kakhulu waba yikhaya lesondo elineqanda elilodwa.

Impendulo emfushane

Eyavulwa ngo-1863 ngaphansi kukaFrançois Blanc, i-Casino de Monte-Carlo yenza isondo laseYurophu laba yizinga elijwayelekile ezwenikazi futhi yanika i-roulette izindaba zayo ezidume kakhulu, kusukela esondweni elichemile likaJagger kuya ezinombolweni ezimnyama ezingu-26 zango-1913.

lavulwa
1863
umqhubi
François Blanc
izinombolo ezimnyama ezingu-26
18 Agasti 1913
intela yemali engenayo yaqedwa
1869

Kungani iMonaco

Ngama-1850 iMonaco yayiyidwala elinesikweletu esingakhokheki elinenkosana, isigodlo futhi lingenazo izimboni. Ukugembula kwakuvinjelwa kuzo zonke izifundazwe zaseJalimane, lapho amakhasino ezindawo zamanzi ashisayo ayechume khona. Inkosana uCharles III yanikeza imvume yekhasino ngo-1856; imizamo yokuqala yehluleka ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwejantshi wesitimela nomgwaqo. UFrançois Blanc, owayenze i-Bad Homburg yadume, wathenga imvume ngo-1863, wakha i-Société des Bains de Mer, wanxusa ukuba kwakhiwe ujantshi wesitimela osuka e-Nice, futhi isigodi esisha wasiqamba ngegama lenkosana, i-Monte Carlo. Ikhasino laxhasa umbuso ngezinga elikhulu kangangokuthi intela yemali engenayo yaqedwa ngo-1869 futhi ayikaze ibuye.

I-Bad Homburg namakhasino asezindaweni zamanzi ashisayo

Iqanda elilodwa njengenqubomgomo

UBlanc waletha isondo elineqandaisondoIqandaIgodi elilodwa eliluhlaza elingambozwa ukubheja okulingana nemali, okwedazini noma okwekholamu; umthombo wenzuzo yekhasino. Kubuye kuthiwe: iqanda elilodwa, 0.Funda konke → elilodwa elivela e-Homburg. E-Monte Carlo kwakungeyona into yokuncintisana kodwa kwakuyizinga elijwayelekile: kuwo wonke amatafula, nsuku zonke. Abadlali abavela kuyo yonke iYurophu bafunda umdlalo we-roulette wase-Monte Carlo ngo-2.70% futhi bawulindela nakwezinye izindawo, yingakho iqanda eliphindiweuhloboIqanda eliphindiweIgodi elingu-00 lesondo laseMelika. Ukuba khona kwalo kukhuphula inzuzo yekhasino isuka ku-2.70% iye ku-5.26%.Funda konke → lisasinda kuphela lapho i-Monte Carlo ingakaze ibeke khona izinga.

I-Monte Carlo nesondo
1856

Imvume yokuqala yekhasino eMonaco. Iyehluleka: akukho mgwaqo, akukho jantshi wesitimela, abadlali bambalwa.

1863

UFrançois Blanc uthatha izintambo. Kusungulwa i-Société des Bains de Mer.

1868

Ujantshi wesitimela osuka e-Nice uyavulwa. Izivakashi zifika ngezitimela ezigcwele.

1869

Intela yemali engenayo iqedwa eMonaco.

cishe ngo-1880

UJoseph Jagger uthola ukuchema emasondweni futhi uwina ingcebo; ikhasino ishintsha izindawo zamasondo, bese ifaka amasondo amasha.

1891

UCharles Wells “uphula ibhange” izikhathi eziningana ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ngenhlanhla nangohlelo angazange aluchaze.

1913

Izinombolo ezimnyama ezingu-26 zilandelana. Iphutha lomgembuli lithola elinye igama lalo.

1933

I-Casino de Monte-Carlo ilahlekelwa ukuba yiyona yodwa egembulisa e-Riviera njengoba amakhasino aseFrance ephinde evulwa.

I-roulette eYurophuI-roulette yaseYurophu

Ukwaphula ibhange

Itafula ngalinye le-roulette lase-Monte Carlo lalinemali egciniwe, “ibhange”. Lapho umdlali ewina ngaphezu kwemali egciniwe, itafula lalimbozwa ngendwangu emnyamaukubhejaMnyamaUkubheja okulingana nemali ezinombolweni ezimnyama eziyi-18. NgesiFulentshi: noir.Funda konke → kuyilapho kulethwa enye imali: ibhange “laliphukile”. Lokhu kwakwenzeka njalo futhi kwakuwukukhangisa okuhle kakhulu; kwakungasho ukuthi ikhasino lalilahlekelwe yimali sekukonke, kodwa kuphela ukuthi imali yetafula elilodwa yayiphelile. UCharles Wells wakwenza izikhathi eziningana ngo-1891 ngochungechunge olumangalisayo, waba yindaba yengoma yasemahholo omculo, futhi walahlekelwa yingxenye yemali ayeyiwinile ngalobo busika.

Ibhange eliphukile: itafula limbozwe ngendwangu emnyama kuyilapho kulethwa enye imali.

Indoda eyaphula ibhange

Izindaba

Isondo elichemileilebhuIsondo elichemileIsondo elinamaphutha omzimba enza amanye amagodi abe namathuba angaphezu kuka-1/37. Alivamile, futhi litholakala kuphela ngokujikeleza okuyizinkulungwane okubhaliwe.Funda konke → likaJoseph Jagger (cishe ngo-1880), uWells (1891) kanye nezinombolo ezimnyama ezingu-26 (1913) konke kwenzeka lapha, futhi ngayinye yalezi zindaba inekhasi layo. Umnyango wokukhangisa wekhasino, owawuhamba phambili kunesikhathi sawo, waqinisekisa ukuthi ngayinye yazo yabikwa emaphephandabeni aseLondon. Inganekwane yendawo lapho kwakuwinwa khona izingcebo yathengisa amathikithi esitimela amaningi kunanoma iyiphi incazelo eqotho ye-2.70%.

indabaunyakaokwenzeka ngempelaisifundo
Isondo likaJaggercishe ngo-1880ukuchema kwangempela, kwasetshenziswa ngedatha eqoshiwe, kwalungiswa yikhasinoukuchema kukhona; nokunakekelwa kwamasondo kukhona
UWells uphula ibhange1891inhlanhla nohlelo oluyimfihlo; walahlekelwa yingxenye yemali ayeyiwinile ngalobo busikaukuguquguquka, hhayi uhlelo
izinombolo ezimnyama ezingu-261913uchungechunge olwenzeka u-1 ezigidini ezingu-137; abadlali balahlekelwa bebheja ngokumelene naloiphutha lomgembuli
indwangu emnyamakwenzeka njaloimali yetafula elilodwa iphelile, hhayi eyekhasinoukukhangisa

Umdlalo we-roulette wase-Monte Carlo namuhla

Ikhasino isasebenza, futhi i-roulette isewumgogodla wehholo elikhulu, inamasondo aneqanda elilodwa nemithetho yaseFrance (la partageumthethoLa partageUmthetho waseFrance: lapho kuphuma iqanda, uhhafu wenani elibhejwe ekubhejeni okulingana nemali uyabuyiswa. Kwehlisa inzuzo yekhasino kulokho kubheja ngesigamu iye ku-1.35%.Funda konke → noma en prisonumthethoEn prisonUmthetho waseFrance: lapho kuphuma iqanda, ukubheja okulingana nemali kugcinwa kuze kube ukujikeleza okulandelayo kunokuba kulahleke. Kwehlisa inzuzo yekhasino kulokho kubheja ngesigamu.Funda konke → ekubhejeni okulingana nemali). I-Société des Bains de Mer isewuyona nkampani enkulu yombuso. Indlela ye-Monte Carlo ezibalweni, eyaqanjwa ngu-Ulam no-von Neumann ngama-1940 ngegama lekhasino, yiyona eqhuba izilingisi kule sayithi.

Umthetho we-En Prison ku-rouletteI-roulette yaseFrance

Imibuzo

Ingabe izakhamuzi zaseMonaco zingagembula ekhasino?

Cha. Zivinjelwe kusukela ngekhulu le-19; ikhasino lalenzelwe izivakashi.

Ingabe uchungechunge lwezinombolo ezimnyama ezingu-26 lubhaliwe?

Lubikwa ngokungaguquki emibikweni yakamuva; amarekhodi ekhasino uqobo walesi sikhathi awavulelekile umphakathi. AmathubaizibaloAmathubaIthuba lomphumela, kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-1 noma ku-0% kuya ku-100%. Inombolo eyodwa: 1/37 = 2.70%.Funda konke → ayahambisana nokuthi kwenzeke endaweni ethile eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu yokudlala.

Kungani indlela yokulingisa ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Monte Carlo?

Umalume kaStanislaw Ulam wayegembula lapho; igama laliyigama lekhodi lokukhetha amasampula ngokungahleliwe ku-Manhattan Project.

Okokuhlekisa

Ibhange lalaphulwa kaningi. Ikhasino lalingakaze libe sengozini.

Ibhange lalaphulwa kaningi. Ikhasino lalingakaze libe sengozini.

Imithombo

  1. Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling. Gotham, 2006.
  2. Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart, 1983.
  3. Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
kubuyekezwe ngo-2026-09-28imodeli: yaseYurophu, iqanda elilodwaindlela yokusebenza ↗imithombo ↗