I-roulette ezincwadini

Lablée, 1801

I-La Roulette, ou le Jour iyinoveli okwenzeka nje ukuthi iqukethe incazelo ephelele yokuqala yalo mdlalo: amakamelo e-Palais-Royal, amaqandaisondoIqandaIgodi elilodwa eliluhlaza elingambozwa ukubheja okulingana nemali, okwedazini noma okwekholamu; umthombo wenzuzo yekhasino. Kubuye kuthiwe: iqanda elilodwa, 0.Funda konke → amabili, ithebula lokubhejaokokusebenzaIthebula lokubhejaIgridi yokubheja ephrintiwe etafuleni. Kubuye kuthiwe: itafula, i-felt, indwangu.Funda konke →, ukumemeza kwama-croupierabantuI-croupierUmsebenzi ophethe itafula le-roulette.Funda konke →. Iwumthombo oyinhloko womsuka we-roulette kanti cishe akekho oseyifundile njengenoveli, futhi lokho mhlawumbe kufanelekile.

Dostoevsky, 1866

U-Dostoevsky washo incwadi ethi The Gambler ngomlomo ibhalwa ngumbhali wesifinyezo ezinsukwini ezingu-26, ukuze afeze inkontileka futhi akhokhe izikweletu zokugembula ayezenze e-Wiesbaden nase-Homburg. Umxoxi wayo, u-Alexei, ungumfundisi womndeni waseRussia e-“Roulettenburg” owina ingcebo ematafuleni bese eyilahla, kanye naye uqobo, kuyo yonke incwadi. Izincazelo zamatafula, izinhlelo abadlali abazisebenzisayo, ukuqiniseka ukuthi uchungechunge kumele luphele kanye nendlela ukuwina okuzwakala ngayo njengokuqonda okujulile kuyindaba engcono kunazo zonke yephutha lomgembuli kunoma yiluphi ulimi, eyabhalwa cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu ngaphambi kwezinombolo ezimnyamaukubhejaMnyamaUkubheja okulingana nemali ezinombolweni ezimnyama eziyi-18. NgesiFulentshi: noir.Funda konke → ezingu-26 kanye nekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kwesayensi yezomnotho yokuziphatha.

I-Bad Homburg namakhasino asezindaweni zamanzi ashisayoI-Roulettenburg ka-Dostoevsky

U-Thackeray nezindawo zamanzi ashisayo

Incwadi ethi Vanity Fair iphela no-Becky Sharp ematafuleni edolobha laseJalimane elinamanzi ashisayo, futhi leso sahluko siwumdwebo obukhali walabo ababehlala bezungeze isondo le-roulette ngama-1840: abachithekile, abanethemba, abadikiwe kanye nochwepheshe. U-Thackeray wayekubonile; i-Baden-Baden yayisendleleni yawo wonke umhambi waseNgilandi. Incwadi ka-Turgenev ethi Smoke (1867) yenzeka kuwo lawo makamelo.

Jack London, 1912

I-“Shorty Dreams”, indaba eku-Smoke Bellew, iwukuphela kwendaba eqanjiwe ekhombisa kahle umdlali we-roulette owinayo, ngoba lowo mdlali akasebenzisi uhlelo. U-Smoke Bellew, indoda yase-San Francisco eyaba ngumcingi wegolide e-Klondike, uhlala phansi etafuleni le-roulette e-Elkhorn saloon e-Dawson futhi uqala ukuwina, ubusuku nobusuku, amadola angu-3,500 ngesikhathi. Umlingani wakhe u-Shorty unquma ukuthi kumele ukuthi uyaphupha. Abagembuli base-Dawson, abazi kusukela “kosomathematika abahlakaniphile basemakolishi” ukuthi i-roulette uqobo iwukuphela kohlelo, bagcwalisa amabhuku okubhala bezama ukuqonda ukubheja kwakhe kodwa abatholi lutho, ngoba u-Smoke ushintsha indlela adlala ngayo ngamabomu, kwake kwathi ehlulwa ukubheja okungamashumi amane ngomkhawulo ophezulu ngokulandelana ukuze adunge isithombe.

Abanikazi bemidlalo abayishumi baleli dolobha bahlanganisa ibhange lamadola angu-10,000 ekamelweni elingemuva futhi bammema ukuthi alibhekane nalo. Ulaphula ngehora nengxenye. Bebhekene nokunciphisa imikhawulo yabo ibe yisenti noma ukuvala amatafula, bambuza ukuthi uzoluthengisa ngamalini uhlelo. Amadola ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu, esho, izinkulungwane ezintathu umuntu ngamunye, akhokhwe ngothuli lwegolide, futhi uzothembisa ukuthi angeke aphinde aludlale e-Dawson. Bayakhokha. Bese ebakhombisa: uma ibholaokokusebenzaIbholaIbhola elincane eliphonswa emzileni libheke ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-rotor. Amabhola esimanje enziwa nge-ivorine noma nge-Teflon, angu-18–21 mm.Funda konke → lijikijelwa ngenkathi u-9 ebhekene nonogada, kuwina u-26; u-11 ebhekene naye kuletha iqanda eliphindiweuhloboIqanda eliphindiweIgodi elingu-00 lesondo laseMelika. Ukuba khona kwalo kukhuphula inzuzo yekhasino isuka ku-2.70% iye ku-5.26%.Funda konke →; iqanda eliphindiwe libhekene naye kuletha u-32. “Akwenzeki njalo, kodwa ngokuvamile kuyenzeka.” U-Big Burke umisa isondo, alibheke, abheke isitofu esiseduze netafula, bese ethuka. Isondo ligotshwe wukushisa. Kwakungakaze kube wuhlelo; kwakuyisondo elichemileilebhuIsondo elichemileIsondo elinamaphutha omzimba enza amanye amagodi abe namathuba angaphezu kuka-1/37. Alivamile, futhi litholakala kuphela ngokujikeleza okuyizinkulungwane okubhaliwe.Funda konke → kanye nendoda eyakubona.

U-London wayechithe ubusika e-Klondike ngo-1897–98 futhi wayewazi ama-saloon. Le ndaba iyisifundo esiphelele sokudlala ngenzuzo yomdlali cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu ngaphambi kuka-Thorp: buka, bhala phansi, bheja isigabaisondoIsigabaIngxenye eqhubekayo yamagodi alandelanayo esondweni, ehlukile eqenjini lezinombolo ethebuleni lokubheja.Funda konke →, shintsha iphethini ukuze ikhasino ingaboni lokho okubonayo, bese uthengisa ngaphambi kokuba basuse itafula. U-Joseph Jagger wayesenze into yangempela e-Monte Carlo cishe ngo-1880; inguqulo ka-London ihlekisa kakhulu, futhi isifundo sabagembuli sokuthi kungani izinhlelo zingeke zisebenze sinembile njengakho konke okukule sayithi.

I-roulette yase-Monte CarloInganekwane: Isu le-roulette elihlala liwina

Fleming, 1953

I-Casino Royale ikakhulukazi imayelana ne-baccarat. Ku-roulette u-Bond ubheja amadaziniukubhejaIdazini1–12, 13–24 noma 25–36, kukhokha u-2:1.Funda konke → amabili okuqala ngomkhawulo wetafula ophezulu, embozela izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zethebula lokubheja, futhi kuleso sigcawu uwina ukujikeleza okuyisithupha kokuyisikhombisa; u-Fleming umenza aphawule ukuthi ukujikeleza ngakunye akuxhumene nokwangaphambili. I-“James Bond strategy” edayiswa ku-inthanethi, ukusabalalisa ku-19–36, i-six lineukubhejaI-six lineIzinombolo eziyisithupha emigqeni emibili engomakhelwane, kukhokha u-5:1. NgesiFulentshi: sixain.Funda konke → 13–18 kanye neqanda, ayikho kule noveli, futhi ayikho nakwezinye izincwadi zika-Fleming esizihlolile; akwaziwa ukuthi ubani owaqala ukuyinika igama lika-Bond. Kokubili ukubheja kubiza u-2.70% esondweni elineqanda elilodwa. Isigaba esithi “Amasu okubheja ku-roulette” sinezibalo.

Imikhawulo yetafula ku-roulette

Okungaqanjiwe

Incwadi ka-Thomas Bass ethi The Eudaemonic Pie (1985) ixoxa indaba yamakhompyutha asezicathulweni futhi iyincwadi engcono kunazo zonke nge-physics ye-roulette kumfundi ojwayelekile. U-Richard Epstein no-Stewart Ethier babhala izibalo ezijulile. Incwadi ka-Russell Barnhart ethi Beating the Wheel (1983) iqoqa umlando wokudlala ngokuchema kwesondo. Akekho osebhale incwadi efundeka kalula ngokuthi kungani izinhlelo zehluleka, ngoba lokho kungena ekhasini elilodwa, futhi le sayithi inalo.

Ama-Eudaemons

Lokho okwaziwa yizindaba eziqanjiwe

Ukuthi uhlelo luyindlela yokuzizwa ulawula. Ukuthi ukuwina kuzwakala njengolwazi. Ukuthi uchungechunge okungafanele luqhubeke luyaqhubeka. Ukuthi okuwukuphela komdlali owina ngempela yilowo othole okuthile okungalungile esondweni, nokuthi kufanele athengise ngokushesha. Ukuthi itafula yindawo lapho umlingisi ekhombisa khona ukuthi ungubani uma umphumela ungancikile kuye. Izibalo zisho izinto ezifanayo ngezinombolo; ababhali bamanoveli bazisho kuqala.

Imibuzo