Ubani owasungula i-roulette? Umsuka we-roulette
Amasondo amaningana, igama elilodwa, idolobha elagcina likubhale phansi.
Akekho umuntu obhaliwe njengalowo owasungula i-roulette. Umdlalo esiwaziyo uvela eParis ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, uhlanganisa isondo elijikelezayo elivela emidlalweni yangaphambili nethebula lokubheja elibolekwe emidlalweni yetafula yase-Italy neyaseNgilandi.
Okhokho
Imidlalo emithathu emidala yanikeza izingxenye. Amasondo ama-E.O. (“even-odd”, okulinganayo nokungalingani) aseNgilandi ama-1740 ayenesondo elijikelezayo elinamagodiokokusebenzaIgodiEsinye sezikhala ezingu-37 ezinezinombolo ku-rotor. Kubuye kuthiwe: slot, cup.Funda konke → angamashumi amane amakwe ngo-E noma u-O kanye nebholaokokusebenzaIbholaIbhola elincane eliphonswa emzileni libheke ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-rotor. Amabhola esimanje enziwa nge-ivorine noma nge-Teflon, angu-18–21 mm.Funda konke → elaliphonswa kulo; avinjelwa ngo-1745 kodwa aqhubeka edlalwa noma kunjalo. I-roly-poly, umdlalo wangaphambili waseNgilandi, yayifana nawo. Umdlalo welotho wase-Italy i-biribi, okuthiwa waqala eGenoa cishe ngo-1750 futhi owawaziwa eFrance ngokuthi yi-cavagnole, wawusebenzisa ibhodi elinezinombolo ezingu-70 abadlali ababebheja kulo kanye nesikhwama okwakukhishwa kuso inombolo; inombolo ewinile yayibuyisela inani elibhejiwe liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-64, kuhlanganise inani elibhejiwe (63 ku-1), ngakho umnikazi wetafula wayegcina u-6 kuwo onke amayunithiimaliIyunithiInani elibhejwayo eliyisisekelo uhlelo noma umdlali asebenza ngalo. Ukwenyuswa kwenani kuchazwa ngamayunithi ukuze kusebenze kunoma yiliphi itafula.Funda konke → angu-70 abhejiwe, inzuzo engu-8.57%. UCasanova, owawudlala ngama-1760, wathi ngumdlalo wabakhohlisi, futhi iFrance yawuvimbela ngo-1837. Wanikela ngomqondo wethebulaokokusebenzaIthebula lokubhejaIgridi yokubheja ephrintiwe etafuleni. Kubuye kuthiwe: itafula, i-felt, indwangu.Funda konke → lezinombolo elinenkokhelo ephezuluimaliInkokheloLokho ukubheja okuwinile okubuyisayo, okushiwo ngokuthi “X ku-1” ngaphezu kwenani elibhejiwe elibuyiswayo.Funda konke →. I-hoca, eyayidlalwa enkantolo yenkosi yaseFrance ngama-1600, yayinezinombolo ezingamashumi amathathu kanye nenzuzo yekhasinoizibaloInzuzo yekhasinoIngxenye yenani ngalinye elibhejwayo ikhasino eyigcinayo ngokwesilinganiso: ama-2.70% ku-roulette yaseYurophu.Funda konke → eyakhelwe ezikhaleni ezigodliwe. Awukho nowodwa kuyo oyi-roulette; yonke ndawonye ingabazali bayo.
I-hoca enkantolo yenkosi yaseFrance: izinombolo ezingamashumi amathathu, izikhala zekhasino. Yavinjelwa nguLouis XIV, kodwa yadlalwa noma kunjalo.
I-biribi e-Italy naseFrance: ibhodi elinezinombolo, inombolo ikhishwa esikhwameni, inkokhelo ephezulu.
Amasondo ama-E.O. ezindlini zokugembula zaseNgilandi: isondo elijikelezayo, ibhola, elinganayo noma engalingani. Avinjelwa ngo-1745.
IParis ihlanganisa isondo nethebula elinezinombolo. Kokubili u-0 no-00 kungamagodi ekhasino.
Umdlalo wase-Palais-Royal ochazwa yinoveli kaLablée (1801) ngemininingwane ebonakalayo.
I-roulette yasungulwa kuphi? EParis, ngo-1796
Inoveli i-La Roulette, ou le Jour kaJaques Lablée, eyashicilelwa ngo-1801, ichaza isondo e-Palais-Royal ngo-1796 elinezinombolo 1 kuya ku-36, iqandaisondoIqandaIgodi elilodwa eliluhlaza elingambozwa ukubheja okulingana nemali, okwedazini noma okwekholamu; umthombo wenzuzo yekhasino. Kubuye kuthiwe: iqanda elilodwa, 0.Funda konke → elibomvuukubhejaBomvuUkubheja okulingana nemali ezinombolweni eziyi-18 ezibomvu. NgesiFulentshi: rouge.Funda konke → kanye neqanda eliphindiweuhloboIqanda eliphindiweIgodi elingu-00 lesondo laseMelika. Ukuba khona kwalo kukhuphula inzuzo yekhasino isuka ku-2.70% iye ku-5.26%.Funda konke → elimnyamaukubhejaMnyamaUkubheja okulingana nemali ezinombolweni ezimnyama eziyi-18. NgesiFulentshi: noir.Funda konke → okwakugodlelwe ikhasino, kanye nethebula elinokubheja kwangaphakathi nokubheja kwangaphandleukubhejaUkubheja kwangaphandleUkubheja emabhokisini azungeze igridi: amadazini, amakholamu nokubheja okulingana nemali.Funda konke → cishe njengoba kunjalo namuhla. Iyincazelo yokuqala ephelele futhi isivele ingumdlalo wanamuhla. I-Palais-Royal yayiyisigodi sokugembula saseParis, sinelayisensi futhi sikhokha intela, kwaze kwaba yilapho ukuvinjelwa kwango-1837 kuqhubela umdlalo emadolobheni amanzi ashisayo aseJalimane.
I-Bad Homburg namakhasino asezindaweni zamanzi ashisayoUkubheja kwangaphakathi nokwangaphandle ku-roulette
Igama
I-roulette ngesiFulentshi isho “isondo elincane”. Leli gama lalisetshenziselwa eminye imidlalo yamasondo ngaphambi kokuba ligxile kulona: umthetho wango-1758 we-New France, ikoloni laseFrance emfuleni i-St Lawrence, wawusuvele uvimbela “amadayisi, i-hoca, i-faro ne-roulette”, njengoba kubika uShelley (1988), ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi leyo roulette yayibukeka kanjani. Emithonjeni yokuqala yesiNgisi umdlalo ngezinye izikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi “roulet” noma uchazwa ngokuthi “i-E.O. yaseFrance”. Ngama-1820 igama elithi “roulette” lase lisho umdlalo owodwa othile kuyo yonke iYurophu.
Amaqanda amabili
Amasondo okuqala aseParis ayeno-0 no-00, okwanika ikhasino inzuzo engu-5.26% esondweni elinamagodi angu-38. Isondo elineqanda elilodwa laliyisinyathelo sebhizinisi sabazalwane bakwaBlanc e-Bad Homburg ngo-1843, esenzelwe ukuheha abadlali basuke ezindaweni zamanzi ashisayo eziyizimbangi. Isondo laseMelika lagcina womabili amaqanda ngoba umdlalo wawusufike eMelika ngaphambi koshintsho futhi kwakungekho muntu lapho owayenembangi okwakudingeka ayehlisele intengo. Amanye amasondo okuqala aseMelika aqhubeka nangaphezulu: ithebula elilodwa lekhulu le-19 lalinezinombolo 1 kuya ku-28 kuphela no-0, u-00 nokhozi, likhokha u-27 ngo-1 enombolweni eyodwa, inzuzo engu-12.90%, futhi lithatha u-9.68% kumakholamuukubhejaIkholamuIzinombolo eziyishumi nambili ekholamu eyodwa eqondile yethebula lokubheja, kukhokha u-2:1.Funda konke → nasemibaleni yalo. Alizange lihlale isikhathi eside.
Kungani yasabalala
I-roulette ayidingi kwazi, ixazulula ukubheja njalo ngomzuzu, futhi ivumela noma yiliphi inani labadlali ukuthi babheje ngesikhathi esisodwa bephikisana nekhasino engeke ilahlekelwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kumqhubi ingumdlalo ofanele kakhulu: uyashesha, ulula, ungandiswa futhi unenzuzo ngezinga elaziwayo. Kuhulumeni iyakhokhiswa intela. Umdlalo walandela imali namalayisensi usuka eParis waya e-Homburg, waya eMonaco, waya yonke indawo.
I-roulette yase-Monte CarloUkuhlangana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi: Umthetho wezinombolo ezinkulu ku-roulette
Okungakashintshi
Ithebula lokubheja, izinkokhelo (36/n − 1), ukulandelana okungaguquki komzuliswano kanye nendima ye-croupier kuyafana encazelweni kaLablée nasekusakazweni bukhoma namuhla. Ukulandelana kwezinombolo esondweni, ama-deflectorokokusebenzaI-deflectorEsinye sezithiyo zensimbi ezisendaweni ye-apron ezihlakaza ibhola eliwayo. Kubuye kuthiwe: canoe, diamond, pin.Funda konke → kanye nama-fretokokusebenzaI-fretIsihlukanisi sensimbi phakathi kwamagodi amabili esondweni.Funda konke → aphansi kungukuthuthukiswa kwekhulu le-19 okubhekiswe kubadlali ababefunde ukubuka ibhola. Iqanda elilodwa liwukuphela koshintsho olwathinta amathuba, futhi lawenza aba ngcono.
Imibuzo
Wenza ucwaningo ngamasondo ajikelezayo ngama-1650 ngezinye izizathu. Ukuthi wayisungula kuyinkolelo yesiko, akubhalwanga phansi. Bheka ikhasi lakhe.
Yayinelayisensi e-Palais-Royal kwaze kwaba ngu-1837, yase ivinjelwa kwaze kwaba ngu-1907, lapho amakhasino emadolobheni amanzi ashisayo nasogwini lolwandle aphinde avunyelwa.
Ukuze imibala ishintshane ngokuqinile futhi kusabalaliswe phansi/phezulu kanye nengalingani/elinganayo. Ukulandelana okuqondile kwanqunywa ngekhulu le-19 futhi akukashintshi.
Ubumnandi bezibalo
Zama lezi ngokwakho kuqala. Isixazululo ngasinye sifihliwe; sivule uma usukulungile.
I-Biribi yayibuyisa 64 ngo-1 enombolweni eyodwa kwezingu-70, kuhlanganise nenani elibhejwayo: 63 ku-1. Leyo yinzuzo yekhasino engakanani? Ukube yayinikeza ukubheja ezinombolweni ezimbili, iyiphi inkokheloimaliInkokheloLokho ukubheja okuwinile okubuyisayo, okushiwo ngokuthi “X ku-1” ngaphezu kwenani elibhejiwe elibuyiswayo.Funda konke → ebingagcina inzuzo yekhasino efanayo?
Bonisa isixazululo
Impendulo Inzuzo yekhasino ingu-6/70, okungu-8.57%. Ukubheja kwezinombolo ezimbili bekungakhokha 31 ku-1, inombolo ephelele.
Inombolo eyodwa iwina kanye ekudonsweni okungu-70 futhi ikhokha amayunithiimaliIyunithiInani elibhejwayo eliyisisekelo uhlelo noma umdlali asebenza ngalo. Ukwenyuswa kwenani kuchazwa ngamayunithi ukuze kusebenze kunoma yiliphi itafula.Funda konke → angu-63; okunye ukudonswa okungu-69 kulahlekelwa u-1: (63 − 69)/70 = −6/70, inzuzo yekhasino engu-8.57%. Ngamanye amazwi, ibhange libuyisa u-64 lapho umdlalo olungileizibaloUmdlalo olinganayoUmdlalo lapho kungekho hlangothi olunenzuzo: konke ukubheja kunenani elilindelekile eliyiqanda.Funda konke → ubungakhokha u-70.
Ukubheja kwezinombolo ezimbili ngo-x ku-1 kuwina kabili ekudonsweni okungu-70: amayunithi angu-2x awinwe uma kuqhathaniswa nangu-68 alahlekile, inani elilindelekileizibaloInani elilindelekileUmphumela ovamile ekubhejeni ngakunye esikhathini eside. U-−1/37 wenani elibhejwayo kukho konke ukubheja okujwayelekile kwaseYurophu.Funda konke → elingu-(2x − 68)/70. Beka 2x − 68 = −6: x = 31. Lokho kungu-32 obuyayo ngo-1, ingxenye ka-64.
Izinkokhelo ze-Biribi zilandela u-64/n obuyayo ngo-1, futhi u-64 uhlukaniseka kahle ngesigamu ezinombolweni ezingu-1, 2, 4, 8, 16 no-32, ngakho lokho kubheja kuphuma kuphelele. U-36 we-roulette uhlukaniseka ngo-1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 no-36, okufanele ithebula lokubhejaokokusebenzaIthebula lokubhejaIgridi yokubheja ephrintiwe etafuleni. Kubuye kuthiwe: itafula, i-felt, indwangu.Funda konke → elinemigqa yezintathu.
Izinombolo ezingu-70 ze-Biribi, zihlelwe ngemigqa, zashiya isikhala sokubheja okune kwezinombolo ezintathu. Ngomthetho ongemuva kwenzuzo yekhasino engu-8.57% yenombolo eyodwa, ukubheja kwezinombolo ezintathu kufanele kukhokhe malini? Izinkokhelo eziphelele eziseduze bezingabiza malini?
Bonisa isixazululo
Impendulo 20⅓ ku-1. Ukukhokha 20 ku-1 bekungabiza u-10%; ukukhokha 21 ku-1, u-5.71%.
Umthetho wephazili engenhla: ukubheja ezinombolweni ezingu-n kubuyisa 64/n ngo-1. Ezinombolweni ezintathu lokho kungu-64/3 = 21⅓ obuyayo, noma 20⅓ ku-1, okungekho thokheniimaliIthokheniUphawu olumele inani elinqunyiwe, olubekwa ethebuleni lokubheja ukuze ubheje. Kubuye kuthiwe: check.Funda konke → elingakukhokha.
Ukubheja kwezinombolo ezintathu ngo-x ku-1 kuwina izikhathi ezi-3 ekudonsweni okungu-70 bese kuhlulwa izikhathi ezingu-67: inani elilindelekile elingu-(3x − 67)/70. Ngo-20 ku-1: −7/70, okungu-10%. Ngo-21 ku-1: −4/70, okungu-5.71%.
Ukwehlisa ngengxenye yesithathu yeyunithi kubiza umdlali cishe iphuzu nengxenye; ukwenyusa kubuyisela cishe amaphuzu amathathu. Amashumi amathathu nesithupha, nezihlukanisi zawo eziningi, asindisa i-roulette kuleso sinqumo kukho konke ukubheja ngaphandle kokwezinombolo ezinhlanu kwaseMelika.
Isondo lokhozi lekhulu le-19 lalinamagodiokokusebenzaIgodiEsinye sezikhala ezingu-37 ezinezinombolo ku-rotor. Kubuye kuthiwe: slot, cup.Funda konke → angu-31, 1 kuya ku-28 kanye no-0, 00 nokhozi, futhi lalikhokha 27 ngo-1 enombolweni eyodwa. Ukubheja kwalo kwekholamuukubhejaIkholamuIzinombolo eziyishumi nambili ekholamu eyodwa eqondile yethebula lokubheja, kukhokha u-2:1.Funda konke → nokombala kwakubiza u-9.68%. Ukubheja kwezinombolo ezine kufanele kukhokhe malini, “ngo-1”, ukuze kubize okufanayo?
Bonisa isixazululo
Impendulo 7 ngo-1, okubiza 3/31 = 9.68%.
Ukubheja okukhokha u-X ngo-1 kubuyisa amayunithi angu-X, kuhlanganise nenani elibhejwayo, lapho kuwina. Ukubheja kwezinombolo ezine kuwina izikhathi ezi-4 kwezingu-31, ngakho kubuyisa amayunithi angu-4X kuwo wonke angu-31 abhejiwe: inani elilindelekile elingu-(4X − 31)/31.
Ngo-7 ngo-1 lokho kungu-−3/31, okungu-9.68%, okufana namakholamu nemibala. Ngo-8 ngo-1 bekungaba ngu-+1/31, inzuzo yomdlali. Ngakho umthetho wesondo lokhozi wawungu-(28 − n)/n ku-1, amagodi amathathu ekhasino kwangu-31.
Okokuhlekisa
Isondo laseNgilandi, ithebula lase-Italy, igama lesiFulentshi, amaqanda amabili.
Imithombo
- Lablée, J. La Roulette, ou le Jour.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette.
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.
- Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, uhlelo lwe-4.