Umlando namasiko · Umlando · imizuzu 9

Umlando wezinhlelo zokubheja ku-roulette

Amakhulu amabili eminyaka abantu bebhala phansi imithetho yokushintsha inani abalibhejayo.

Impendulo emfushane

I-Martingale ingeyekhulu le-18; i-D’Alembert iqanjwe ngesazi sezibalo esasingayithandi; i-Labouchère yayiwumdlalo wokuzilibazisa kasopolitiki wenkathi kaVictoria. Akukho neyodwa kuzo eyasebenza nangaleso sikhathi.

Martingale

ikhulu le-18, eFrance

D’Alembert

ngemuva kokuphila kwakhe (1717–1783)

Labouchère

ikhulu le-19, eNgilandi

isivivinyo sokuqala ngekhompyutha

ama-1950

Martingale

Igama livela olimini lwesitsotsi sabagembuli sesi-Provençal (à la martegalo, “ngendlela yabantu base-Martigues”, ababaziwa ngokunganaki) okusho ukubheja okuphindwa kabili, futhi libhalwe ezichazamazwini zesiFulentshi kusukela ngama-1760. UThorp (1984), elandela i-American Heritage Dictionary, unikeza enye incazelo yesintu: abantu base-Martigues babehlekwa ngemikhuba exakile, phakathi kwayo ukubopha amabhulukwe abo ngemuva, ngakho leli binzana laqala ukusho “ngendlela ehlekisayo”. Kwase kuyindaba yesixwayiso eParis ngekhulu le-18: uCasanova uchaza ukulahlekelwa yingcebo ngokuphinda kabili e-faro eVenice ngama-1750. Izibalo zokuthi kungani yehluleka, umkhawulo wetafulaitafulaUmkhawulo wetafulaInani elincane nelikhulu kakhulu lokubheja elivunyelwe. Umkhawulo ophezulu yiwona omisa ukwenyuswa kwenani okuphindaphinda kabili.Funda konke → kanye nemali yokubhejaimaliImali yokubhejaInani lonke lemali ebekelwe ukudlala. Ukuphatha imali yokubheja kusho ukunquma ukuthi ingakanani yayo ozoyibeka engcupheni ekubhejeni ngakunye nasesheshini ngayinye.Funda konke → enomkhawulo, zase ziqondakala ngama-1770. Kuthiyori yamathubaizibaloAmathubaIthuba lomphumela, kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-1 noma ku-0% kuya ku-100%. Inombolo eyodwa: 1/37 = 2.70%.Funda konke → igama elithi “martingaleisuMartingaleUkwenyuswa kwenani okuphinda kabili inani elibhejwayo ngemuva kokuhlulwa ngakunye. Bheka isigaba esithi “Amasu okubheja ku-roulette” ukuze ubone ukuthi kwenzani nokuthi yini engakwenzi.Funda konke →” laba igama lobuchwepheshe ngama-1930 elisho umdlalo olinganayoizibaloUmdlalo olinganayoUmdlalo lapho kungekho hlangothi olunenzuzo: konke ukubheja kunenani elilindelekile eliyiqanda.Funda konke →, okuyiyona nto eyodwa i-Martingale ye-roulette engeyona.

E-faro eVenice umdlali uphinda kabili ngemuva kokuhlulwa, njengoba uCasanova enza.

Imikhawulo yetafula ku-roulette

D’Alembert

UJean le Rond d’Alembert waphikisa ku-Encyclopédie (1754) ukuthi ngemuva kochungechunge lwamakhanda, imisila iba namathuba amakhulu, okungukuchazwa kwakuqala kwephutha lomgembuli yisazi sezibalo esihamba phambili. Uhlelo lokubheja olwengeza iyunithiimaliIyunithiInani elibhejwayo eliyisisekelo uhlelo noma umdlali asebenza ngalo. Ukwenyuswa kwenani kuchazwa ngamayunithi ukuze kusebenze kunoma yiliphi itafula.Funda konke → elilodwa ngemuva kokuhlulwa futhi lukhiphe eyodwa ngemuva kokuwina laqanjwa ngaye ngabagembuli bakamuva ababenenkolelo efanayo. Akaluphakamisanga futhi, ngezinsuku lapho ayecabanga kahle, wayengalwenqaba.

Isu le-D'Alembert ku-roulette

Labouchère

UHenry LabouchèreisuLabouchèreUhlelo lokucisha: bhala umugqa wezinombolo, bheja isamba sezinombolo ezimbili ezisemaphethelweni, uzicishe ngemuva kokuwina, wengeze inani elibhejwe walahleka ngemuva kokuhlulwa.Funda konke → (1831–1912), intatheli, umnikazi wetiyetha neLungu lePhalamende le-Liberal, wenza uhlelo lokucisha lwaziwe kakhulu emphakathini waseLondon ngama-1870 futhi kubikwa ukuthi walusebenzisa e-Monte Carlo. Le ndlela, yokubhala umugqa wezinombolo bese ubheja isamba sezinombolo ezisemaphethelweni, yandulela yena. Igama lakhe lanamathela ngoba wayedume ngezinye izinto futhi ngoba uhlelo lunesici esingavamile sokuthi luvame ukusebenza, okwalwenza lube yindaba yokuxoxwa etafuleni lesidlo sakusihlwa.

Izinhlelo nabantu eziqanjwe ngabo

ama-1750

UCasanova uyalahlekelwa ngokuphinda kabili e-faro. I-Martingale isindala kakade.

1754

U-d’Alembert ushicilela iphutha elathi kamuva laqanjwa ngegama lakhe njengohlelo.

ama-1760

Igama elithi “Martingale” lingena ezichazamazwini zesiFulentshi njengesitsotsi sabagembuli.

ama-1870

U-Labouchère wenza ukucisha kwaziwe kakhulu eLondon.

ama-1890

Ukwenyuswa kwenani kwe-Fibonacci nokwe-Paroli kuvela ezincwadini zeziqondiso zokugembula.

ama-1900

Izinhlelo “zezigaba” ezisekelwe ekuhlelekeni kwesondo zithengiswa ngeposi.

1939

UHalmos, umfundi kaDoob, ufakazela ukuthi alukho uhlelo lokubheja olungaguqula umdlalo ongamzuzisi umdlali ube umdlalo omzuzisayo.

ama-1950 kuya kuma-60

Amakhompyutha alingisa lonke uhlelo. Zonke izinhlelo zibonisa u-−1/37 wemali ebhejwe yonke.

namuhla

Izinhlelo ezifanayo zithengiswa ku-inthanethi zinemiphumela efanayo, zilingiswa kusiphequluli kule sayithi.

I-roulette yase-Monte Carlo Isu le-Labouchère ku-roulette

Ikhulu le-20

I-FibonacciisuFibonacciUkwenyuswa kwenani okulandela uchungechunge 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13…: isinyathelo esisodwa phambili ngemuva kokuhlulwa, izinyathelo ezimbili emuva ngemuva kokuwina.Funda konke → ne-ParoliisuParoliUkwenyuswa kwenani ngemuva kokuwina: phinda kabili ngemuva kokuwina, buyela ekuqaleni ngemuva kokuhlulwa noma ngemuva kokuwina kathathu kulandelana. Kubuye kuthiwe: i-Martingale ephambene.Funda konke → zangena ezincwadini zeziqondiso zokugembula cishe ngo-1900. Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka kwafika izinhlelo ezithengiswa ngeposi, ngalunye lunobufakazi bomuntu othile nesiqinisekiso sokubuyiselwa imali, kanye nokulingisa kokuqala ngekhompyutha, okwabonisa lokho izibalo ezase zikushilo. Ubufakazi bokuthi alukho uhlelo olungasebenza base bukhona: uJoseph Doob (1936) noPaul Halmos (1939) babonisa ukuthi awukho umthetho wokukhetha ukuthi uzobheja nini futhi malini oshintsha umphumela olindelekile womdlalo olinganayo noma ongamzuzisi umdlali, kwathi ucwaningo lukaThorp lwango-1969 lwachaza izimo ngendlela abagembuli abahlangabezana nazo ngayo. Kusukela lapho izinhlelo azishintshanga; ukumaketha sekusuke emapheshaneni kwaya kumavidiyo.

Umqhubi uhlola uhlelo oluthengiswa ngeposi ngokulingisa ngekhompyutha, futhi umugqa uyehla kuphela.

Inganekwane: Isu le-roulette elihlala liwina Isu le-Fibonacci ku-roulette

Kungani zisaphila

Uhlelo lunikeza umdlali okuthile angakwenza nendaba angayixoxa. Iningi lamaseshini ngaphansi kwezinhlelo eziningi liphela ngokuwina okuncane, okuyindaba engcono kunezibalo. Amaseshini okulahlekelwa ayavama kancane futhi akhunjulwa njengeshwa. Ukumaketha akudingi ukuqamba amanga ngamathuba; kudinga nje ukubonisa iseshini yokuwina, futhi ziningi. Impikiswano emelene nalokho, u-2.70% wemali ebhejwe yonkeimaliImali yonke ebhejiweInani lonke elibhejwe phakathi neseshini noma esikhathini esithile, kubalwa nemali ewiniwe ephinde yabhejwa. Kubuye kuthiwe: handle, action.Funda konke →, ibikhona kusukela ngo-1796 futhi ayikaze ikholise njengobusuku benhlanhla.

uhleloikhulu leminyakalokho okwakukholelwa ukuthi luyakwenzalokho oluyikwenzayo

Martingalele-18ukuqinisekisa ukuwina ngokuphinda kabililuwina kancane kaningi; lulahlekelwa kakhulu kungavamile; −2.70%

D’Alembertle-18 kuya kwele-19ukusebenzisa ukulingana kokuwina nokulahlekelwainani elibhejwayo likhuphuka kancane kancane; −2.70%

Labouchèrele-19ukuqinisekisa isamba somugqaluvame ukuwuqeda umugqa; kwesinye isikhathi luyaphuma esandleni; −2.70%

Fibonaccile-19 kuya kwele-20i-Martingale ethambileukukhuphuka okuhamba kancane, iwa eliphakeme kakhulu; −2.70%

Parolile-19 kuya kwele-20ukugibela uchungechunge lokuwinaukulahlekelwa okuncane okuvamile, ukuwina okukhulu okungavamile; −2.70%

Izinhlelo zezigabale-20ukusebenzisa ukuhlelwa kwesondolutho; −2.70%

Izinhlelo ezithengiswayo

Abahwebi bekhulu le-20 baletha amaqhinga abo amasha, ngalinye liwukuhlelwa okusha kokubheja okufanayo okulahlekisayo. I-Phase One yathengiswa ngo-$25 kanye no-10% wokuwina komthengi, kwathenjiswa i-Phase Two uma sekukhokhwe u-$500 kanye ne-“Inner Circle” ngo-$5,000. Alikho neqhinga elilodwa kuwo elishintsha izibalo: inani elilindelekileizibaloInani elilindelekileUmphumela ovamile ekubhejeni ngakunye esikhathini eside. U-−1/37 wenani elibhejwayo kukho konke ukubheja okujwayelekile kwaseYurophu.Funda konke → lochungechunge lokubheja liyisamba samanani alo alindelekile.

uhleloumqondookwenzeka ngempela

Phase Onengemuva kwezinombolo ezibomvu ezinhlanu, bheja kokumnyama ngezinga lamayunithi angu-5, 25, 70, 200, 500 no-1,000ukujikeleza kwesithupha kusengu-18/38 kokubomvu; ukuhlulwa kayisithupha kulandelana, cishe u-1 ku-47 esondweni elineqanda eliphindiwe, kubiza amayunithi angu-1,800

Ukulinda amaqandalinda ukujikeleza okungu-40 ngaphandle kuka-0 noma u-00, bese ubheja kokubili, wengeze iyunithi ngemuva kokuphuthelwa ngakunyeamaqanda awasuke esefanele ukuphuma: womabili ayaphuthelwa ukujikeleza okungu-40 cishe kanye ezikhathini eziyisishiyagalolunye, futhi ukujikeleza okulandelayo kusengu-2 ku-38. Ukuphuthelwa okunye okuyishumi kubiza amayunithi angu-110; ukushaya ekujikelezeni kweshumi nanye kunika inzuzo ehlanzekile engu-264. Okuwukuphela komphumela ukuthi ubheja kancane ngenkathi ulindile

Favored 5linda kuze kuphindeke izinombolo ezinhlanu, bese uzibhejalonke uchungechunge lokujikeleza lunokuphindeka; esondweni elinakekelwayo akubikezeli lutho

Ukushintshana kwe-ROL / BEHukubheja okulingana nemali ngenani elingaguquki, ushintshana phakathi kokubomvu, engalingani nephansi kanye nokumnyama, elinganayo nephezuluuchungechunge lokubheja okuzimele, ngakunye kunenzuzo yekhasino ephelele

Uhlelo “oluqinisekisiwe” lukaBartschellyi-Labouchère esabalalisa ukulahlekelwa ngakunye ezinombolweni ezikhona esikhundleni sokukwengeza ekugcineniumugqa awulokothi ube mude; amanani abhejwayo ayakhula noma kunjalo

Okungelona uhlelo

Imithetho yokuyeka: ukunquma kusengaphambili ukuthi uzolahlekelwa noma uwine malini bese uyahamba. Ivame ukuthengiswa njengengxenye yohlelo futhi iyiyona kuphela ingxenye eyenza okuthile, ngoba yehlisa imali ebhejwe yonke. Ayiqanjwanga ngamuntu, okufanelekile.

Imibuzo

Yiluphi uhlelo oludala kunazo zonke?

I-Martingale, ngekhulu leminyaka noma ngaphezulu. Ukuphinda kabili ngemuva kokuhlulwa kungumqondo wokuqala wawo wonke umuntu.

Ingabe ikhona isazi sezibalo esidumile esake sasekela uhlelo?

U-d’Alembert wasondela kakhulu, ngephutha. UPascal, uFermat, uHuygens, uBernoulli noLaplace bonke bachaza ukuthi kungani zehluleka.

Kungani izinhlelo zisathengiswa?

Ngoba amaseshini amaningi ayawina, futhi ividiyo yeseshini yokuwina ishibhile ukuyenza.

Okokuhlekisa

Amakhulu amabili eminyaka yamagama. Inombolo eyodwa.

Imithombo

Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.” Review of the International Statistical Institute 37(3), 1969.
Thorp, E. O. The Mathematics of Gambling. Gambling Times / Lyle Stuart, 1984.
Doob, J. L. “Note on probability.” Annals of Mathematics 37(2), 1936.
Halmos, P. R. “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations: the mathematical theory of gambling systems.” Duke Mathematical Journal 5(2), 1939.
d’Alembert, J. “Croix ou pile.” Encyclopédie, umqulu 4, 1754.
Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling. Gotham, 2006.
Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette. CRC Press, 2021. Isahluko 2, i-roulette.

kubuyekezwe ngo-2026-09-28imodeli: yaseYurophu, iqanda elilodwaindlela yokusebenza ↗imithombo ↗